Showing posts with label power. Show all posts

Tuesday, January 6, 2015

Power Supply for regulated current and voltage

Click to enlarge

This is also another useful project for anyone working in electronics.

Both Current and Voltage Regulation is Extremely Important to Help Prevent Damage to Circuit, Especially Experimental Circuits.

This circuit used a Rotary Switch to select Various Current ranges as a Potentiometer is not very practical for the lower resistance/High Current Ranges.

Thursday, December 11, 2014

Adjustable Lab Power Supply

Make your own lab power supply complete with adjustable voltage and constant current source. Using single IC (LM324)

Thursday, November 20, 2014

Do you know how to work his usual power saving devices in the market is shaped like a dry battery with a plug into an outlet?. Actually you can create your own tool with much better quality with much cheaper price.
Because of the way it works is to reduce the magnitude from cosine curve AC current that will be read on the gauge kilometer. Device work if there is air conditioning load passes through a coil of wire sensors to measure the AC current which is being passed.

Power Saver Circuit

A very influential component in the AC circuit is a capacitor and inductor. Therefore we need to filter the AC current before it enters our home electricity network. Obviously we did not perform the act of theft of electricity, and this tool will not be detected by the device are as follows . How to installation, Here I would include a scheme of the circuit which will be installed close to the mile. The closer, the more optimal the way it works, use good quality capacitors, for security MCB here, serves to prevent the occurrence of shorting out due to damage to the capacitor. Then Enter in box or plastic box which is strong enough. Better capacitor in the cast by GIPs or cement, so that power is wasted heat well.

Saturday, November 8, 2014

Dark Sensitive Power Switch Circuit Diagram Using LDR

DescriptionCircuit showing a Dark Sensitive Power Switch .Here we have used a ldr and a ordinary transistor for making this circuit
.Connect any 230 volt equipment at the load .You need a 9 volt power supply
Components Required

Resistor 10 k , 680 R

Transistor BC 548

Diode IN 4007

Relay LDR

Monday, October 27, 2014

BA5406 10W Stereo Power Amplifier

BA5406 is a monolithic integrated stereo amplifier from ROHM semiconductors. It can transfer 5W apiece channel into a 4 ohm loudspeaker by the side of 9V supply. Amplifiers based on BA5406 does not require an output coupling transformer and can subsist operated from a single supply. The operating voltage range is from 5 to 15V DC. This makes the IC correct in lieu of low power car audio applications. Other applications of BA5406 are portable audio players, stereo module systems, television and all that. The BA5406 has important channel separation, excellent channel isolation, unimportant pop-up clatter, low noise, low thermal resistance and is open arrived a 12 pin SIP package.

BA5406 10 Watt Stereo Power Amplifier

In the circuit diagram revealed lower, BA5406 is configures to hand over 5×2 watts into 4 ohm loudspeakers by the side of a supply voltage of 9 volts. Capacitor C3 is a power supply filter capacitor. C11 and C12 are input DC decoupling capacitors on behalf of the missing and due channels. C3 and R2 forms a Zobel arrangement for the not here output while C6 & R3 forms the same for the right channel. single-mindedness of the Zobel network is to reduce oscillations and rally in height frequency stability of the amplifier. Potentiometers R5 and R6 serves since the volume control on behalf of the not here and right channels. CapacitorsC4 and C8 pair the outputs of the amplifier to the speakers. C9 and C10 are clamor filtering capacitors. C1 and C5 are bootstrap capacitors for the not here and right channels.

Sunday, October 26, 2014

LM1875 80W audio power amplifier Diagram Circuit

A very simple high efficiency 80W audio power amplifier project can be designed using the LM3875 power audio IC . LM3875 is a high-performance audio power amplifier capable of delivering 56W of continuous average power to an 8Ω load with 0.1% THD+N from 20Hz to 20kHz .
By connecting two LM39875 audio IC in bridge mode this audio power amplifier will deliver 80 watt of output power into an 8 Ohm load. The LM3875 IC devices should be suitably heatsinked.
As you can see in the circuit diagram , this power audio amplifier require few external electronic parts .

The LM3875 maintains an excellent signal-to-noise ratio of greater than 95dB(min) with a typical low noise floor of 2.0μV.
This 80W audio power amplifier module accepts a wide range input voltage from 20 up to 84 volts, but typically is recommended ( for this circuit ) a dual +/-25 volts DC power supply .
Some features of this 80W audio power amplifier project based on the LM1875 IC are :
output protection from a short to ground or to the supplies via internal current limiting circuitry ,output over-voltage protection against transients from inductive loads ,supply under-voltage protection .

Friday, October 10, 2014

LM317 variable power supply

LM317

Description:

A truly timeless circuit. LM317 is a versatile and highly efficient 1.2-37V voltage regulator that can provide up to 1.5A of current with a large heat sink. Its ideal for just about any application. This was my first workbench power supply and I still use it.

Since LM317 is protected against short-circuit, no fuse is necessary. Thanks to automatic thermal shutdown, it will turn off if heating excessively. All in all, a very powerful (and affordable!) package, indeed.

Although LM317 is capable of delivering up to 37V, the circuit pictured here is limited to 25V for the sake of safety and simplicity. Any higher output voltage would require additional components and a larger heat sink.

Make sure that the input voltage is at least a couple of Volts higher than the desired output. Its ok to use a trimmer if youre building a fixed-voltage supply.

Problems:

Follow all the safety precautions when working with mains voltage. Insulate all connections on the transformer.

Possible uses:

Variable workbench power supply, fixed-voltage supply... Just about any possible application when no more than 1.5A is necessary.

read more at: http://english.cxem.net/power/power8.php

Thursday, October 9, 2014

Solar Power walkway marker Led display

Solar

These are the little lights with the stake on the bottom that you can push into the ground along your driveway or sidewalk and have the solar panel on top. The solar cell charges a AA NiCd battery during the day and at night the battery powers the LED. The circuit board in this particular model was originally designed to hold a pair of 5mm amber LEDs, but the manufacturer apparently found a source of higher power 10mm amber LEDs and the final product only needs one of these. Due to the limited space, many of the components are surface mount. The transistors are both 2N3904 equivalent surface mounts. Unfortunately, the capacitor is also surface mount and is unmarked.

The charging circuit is fairly simple and has a photovoltaic solar cell to charge the battery and a diode to prevent the battery from powering the cell when it’s dark. Now moving along, there is a cadmium sulphide (CdS) photo resistor, a 10k resistor and a 1k resistor that forms a voltage divider at the base of Q1. When light hits the photo resistor, it has a low resistance which is amplified by the transistor. The collector is tied to the base of the left hand transistor, so when it’s on it clamps its base to ground and prevents it from oscillating. When it’s dark and the CdS Cell has a high resistance, the right transistor is off which allows the rest of the circuit to begin oscillating.

Thursday, September 25, 2014

Power Back up Circuit for CMOS ICs

Even very brief mains power failures cause problems for electronic circuits. Stored data are lost and the operating statuses are no longer what they were before the power failure.
Mains power failures cannot be prevented, but methods can be employed to provide a voltage backup for the duration of the fault. For this reason, mains-powered equipment is often fitted with backup batteries (nicad or lithium cells) to maintain operation during a mains power failure. In view of the low currents (microamperes) required for data storage with modern Fl/-lVls, there ls·~ an alternative backup method which is well worth consider- ing: power backup with an electro- lytic capacitor for energy storage! The circuit diagram Tshcvvs .just such an application. The power standby’ capacitor C1 is 4700 ;,iF and with a maximum load current of 10;;/~, the discharge time at an output voltage of 5 V is approxi- mately 53 minutes. The operating voltage of the circuit itself is 15 V, 10 V higher than the output voltage. As long as the 15 V supply voltage ls applied, capacitor C1 charges up to the value of the operating voltage via diode D1. Simultaneously, a bias voltage of approximately 2.3 V is applied to the gate of field effect transistor T1 via voltage divider R1/R2. This ensures that T1 is turned on and capacitor C2 is charged up.

The output voltage at the source t iinal r~· th e second field effect transistor remains a constant 5 V. The two FETs can be thought of as a voltage divider. lf the supply voltage fails, electro- lytic capacitor C1 will become the temporary power supply. Since the gate voltage is removed from T1 it turns off. Capacitor C2 is no longer being charged. However, it‘can only discharge very slowly because T2 has a very high input resistance. The voltage across C2 remains almost constant. Capacitor C1 supplies the operating voltage required for T2 so that it conducts and maintains the output voltage at 5 V. Capacitor Cl discharges very slowly, as a function of its insulation resistance (R|N3 approximately 1 l/ll and the load current flowing. The output voltage at the source lead of T2 remains a constant 5 V, until the voltage across C1 has also dropped to 5 V. lf this voltage drops even further, FET T2 remains turned on but the output voltage decreases proportionally. For correct functioning of the circuit, it is very important t0 select an MKT type of foil capacitor for C2. (M stands for metailised and KT is the standard designation for pciyester foii). (Siemens Application}

Tuesday, September 23, 2014

Switching Power Supply 13 8V 40A

This power supply circuit produces 13.8V regulated to better than 1%, at a continuous load current of up to 40A. It has current limiting, making it appropriate for direct connection to a 12V backup battery. If the current limit potentiometer is turned up, the power supply can deliver up to 60A on an intermittent basis, while maintaining regulation. No minimum load is required. The ripple on the output is about 20mV, and the efficiency is 88%.

More Switching Power Supply

Sunday, September 21, 2014

1000W Power Amplifier

Circuit Description 1000W Power Amplifier:

Power amplifier has up to 1000 Watt power, this circuit made one channel only so if you want to create a stereo in it must be made one again, actually this is more suitable power amplifier in use for Sound System or outdoor, so if only in use for the house I think is less suitable.

Maybe youve seen or even have an active speaker and there is written 1500 watts PMPO (Peak Music Power Output), make no mistake this is different from Power Amplifier Active Speaker, I often dismantle such Active Speaker in it only a power with power no more than 150 watts by using the transformer 2-3 Ampere. PMPO is not a real power which is issued by the Power Amplifier, but counting all the speakers that there is, for example: if there are 5 pieces of speakers on each channel and each speaker has a power of 10 W then it is 100 W PMPO.

Circuit Diagram 1000W Power Amplifier:

1000W Power Amplifier

Partlist 1000W Power Amplifier:

While this 1000 Watt Power Amplifier minimal use transformer 20 Ampere. And the output of PowerAmplifier DC voltage contains approximately 63 volts, with currents and voltages of this magnitude, this 1000 Watt Power Amplifier will not hesitate hesitate to destroy your woofer speakers to connect. To overcome that then before the speaker on connects to 1000 Watt Power Amplifier must be in pairsSpeaker Protector.

Actually if you want to create a Power Amplifier with great power does not have to make a PowerAmplifier with great power. Example: you want to create a Power Amplifier with 10 000 Watt power. You do not have to assemble a Power Amplifier with power of 10,000 watts, but you assemble thepower Power Amplifier Small but many, such as you assemble the Power Amplifier with 1000 Watts of power for as many as 10 pieces, it will produce 10 000 Watt Power Amplifier helpless.

Circuit uses power transistors pair of 5 x 5 x 2SA1216 and 2SC2922 and 2SC1583 use a differentialamplifier that actually contains 2 pieces of transistors that are in containers together. Why use such built-in amplifier differental tujuanya so identical / similar, could have uses 2 separate transistors but can result in amplifier so it is not symmetrical.

Tips combining speaker.

To get the speakers with great power combining techniques can be used in parallel series, combining each group of speakers should sepaker they will have the same impedance, the same type (Woofer, Mid Range or tweeter) and the same power. Number of merging these speakers should consists of 4 , 9, 16 ff, see picture

Example: The number of speakers have 4 pieces each of its 200 Watt power generated will be aspeaker at = 200 x 4 = 800 Watt. If there are 9 speakers 200 W then the result = 9 x 200 W = 1800Watt.

Saturday, September 13, 2014

1000W Power Amplifier

Thursday, September 11, 2014

Low Power Wireless Audio Power Amplifier

Using this low-cost project one can reproduce audio from TV without disturbing others. It does not use any wire connection between TV and Loud Speaker. In place of a pair of wires, it uses invisible infra-red light to transmit audio signals from TV to Loud speakers, Without using any lens a range of up to 6 meters is possible. Range can be extended by using lenses and reflectors with IR sensors comprising transmitters and receivers.

IR transmitter uses two-stage transistor amplifier to drive two series-connected IR LEDs. An audio output transformer (T1) is used (in reverse) to couple audio output from TV to the IR transmitter. Transistors Q1 and Q2 amplify the audio signals received from TV through the audio transformer. Low impedance output windings (lower gauge or thicker wires) are used for connection to TV side while high-impedance windings are connected to IR transmitter. This IR transmitter can be powered from a 9V mains adapter or a 9V battery. Red LED (D1) in transmitter circuit functions as a Zener diode (0.65V) as well as supply-on indicator.

Transmitter diagram:

Wireless Audio Power Amplifier Transmitter Circuit Diagram

Receivers operation:

IR receiver uses popular op-amp IC µA741 and audio-frequency amplifier IC LM386 along with phototransistor L14F1 (Q3) and some discrete components. The sound generated by TV set is transmitted through IR LEDs, received by phototransistor Q3 and fed to pin 2 of IC µA741 (IC1). Its gain can be varied using potmeter P2. The output of IC µA741 is fed to IC LM386 (IC2) via capacitor (C7) and potmeter P3. The sound produced is heard through the receiver’s loudspeaker. Potmeter P3 is used to control the volume of loudspeaker SPKR (8-ohm, 1W).

Receiver diagram:

Wireless Audio Power Amplifier Transmitter Circuit Diagram

Parts:

P1 = 10K

P3 = 10K

P2 = 1M

R1 = 4.7K

R2 = 22K

R3 = 100R

R4 = 10R-1W

R5 = 10K

R6 = 10K

R7 = 15K

R8 = 15K

R9 = 100K

R10 = 680R-1W

R11 = 1K

R12 = 10R-1W

C1 = 220uF-25V

C2 = 220uF-25V

C3 = 10uF-25V

C4 = 220uF-25V

C5 = 220uF-25V

C6 = 100nF-63V

C7 = 100nF-63V

C8 = 100nF-63V

C9 = 100nF-63V

D1 = Red LED

D2 = IR LEDs

D3 = IR LEDs

Q1 = BC547

Q2 = BD140

Q3 = L14F1

IC1 = uA741 Opamp

IC2 = LM386

J1 = Audio input Jack

T1 = Audio Transformer

SPKR = 1W-8ohm

Monday, September 8, 2014

2 x 23 W high efficiency car radio power amplifier

FEATURES:

Low dissipation due to switching from Single-Ended (SE) to Bridge-Tied Load (BTL) mode

High Common Mode Rejection Ratio (CMRR)

Mute/standby/operating/SE-only (mode select pin)

Zero crossing mute and standby circuit

Load dump protection circuit

Short-circuit safe to ground, to supply voltage and across load

Loudspeaker protection circuit

Device switches to single-ended operation at excessive junction temperatures.

GENERAL DESCRIPTION:

The TDA1561Q is a monolithic power amplifier in a 13 lead single-in-line (SIL) plastic power package. It contains two identical 23 W amplifiers. The dissipation is minimized by switching from SE to BTL mode, only when a higher output voltage swing is needed. The device is primarily developed for car radio applications.

Circuit Diagram:

2 x 23 W high efficiency car radio power amplifier

Datasheet for TDA1561Q: Download

Saturday, September 6, 2014

Digital DC Power supply using PWM with PIC microcontroller

In our lab I saw many DC power supply which have a variable knob to regulate the output. I was dreaming to make such a project where I can regulate the voltage using push button.As I am not an industrial level expert so this project is just about a digital DC power supply of small range(5V-12V). You can press push buttons to increase or decrease output voltage.Here we use LM317 to regulate the output voltage. Output voltage is controlled by the PWM output of a pic microcontroller.An OP-AMP is required to amplify the PWM output level. The idea is simple and easy to implement in schema.

Necessary Software:

1. Proteus 7.8 Professional
2. MicroC Pro
3. PICKIT 2.61 Boot Loader

Necessary Equipment:

1. PIC 16F73
2. LCD 16x2
3. 20 MHz Oscillator
4. Variable resistor (5k Ώ, 1k Ώ, 50k Ώ)
5. 7805 Voltage Regulator
6. 7818 Voltage Regulator
7. LM317T Voltage Regulator
8. LM741 Op Amp
9. Push Button Switch
10. Resistor (1k Ώ, 220Ώ)
11. Capacitor (47, 10, 1, 0.1 uF)
12. Vero board
13. Heat Sink

Methodology:

Figure1: Block Diagram of whole system

Schematic Diagram:

Figure 2: Schematic Diagram of the schema

Description:

· LM317 can give output of 3-37V . It can change its output voltage according to the adjust pin voltage.
· PWM signal is generated from microcontroller. The signal is applied to RC low pass filter which makes a DC voltage level.
· This voltage is applied to Op Amp to get required gain.
· This amplified voltage is applied to LM317 adjust pin.
· From microcontroller we adjust the width of PWM signal. More width gives higher DC level.
· It also changes the adjust pin voltage which controls the output of LM317.

Final Output:

Possible Application:

· Smooth speed control of DC motor

· Valve control of liquid and gas flow.
· Supply for different Electronic Circuit etc.

Downloads:

Download the full project file here.

High current output switching power supply

This is low voltage high-current ouput , switching dc power supplly wiht input 220 Volts AC , In this circuit , an St2 diac relaxation oscilator, Q3 , C1 , and the diac , initiates conduction of the output switching transistor Q1, the on time of which is maintained constant by a separate timing / commutation network consisting of Q2 , C2 ,SUS , and SCR 1. See schmeatic diagram below :

The output voltage , consequently , is independent on the duty cycle . To compensate for unwanted variations of output voltage because of input voltage or load resistance fluctuations , an H11C wired as a liniear - model unilateral pnp transistor in a stable different amplifier configuration is connected into the galvanically isolated negative- feedback loop.

Friday, September 5, 2014

4 W audio power amplifier with DC volume control

GENERAL DESCRIPTION:

The TDA1013B is an integrated audio amplifier circuit with DC volume control, encapsulated in a 9-lead single in-line (SIL) plastic package. The wide supply voltage range makes this circuit ideal for applications in mains and battery-fed apparatus such as television receivers and record players. The DC volume control stage has a logarithmic control characteristic with a range of more than 80 dB; control is by means of a DC voltage variable between 2 and 6.5 V. The audio amplifier has a well defined open loop gain and a fixed integrated closed loop. This device requires only a few external components and offers stability and performance. 4 W audio power amplifier with DC volume control

Features:

Few external components

Wide supply voltage range

Wide control range

Pin compatible with TDA1013A

Fixed gain

High signal-to-noise ratio

Thermal protection

PINNING:

power ground

amplifier output

supply voltage

electronic filter

amplifier input

control unit output

control voltage

control unit input

signal ground (substrate)

Circuit Diagram

4 W audio power amplifier with DC volume control

Datasheet for TDA1013B: Download

5000W High Power Amplifier Circuit

Stable USB Power Supply

A common problem when an AC mains adapter is used to power a USB device is that the voltage does not match the nominal 5 V specified by the USB standard. The schema shown here accepts an input voltage in the range of 4-9 V and converts it into a 6-V output voltage, which is then stabilized to a clean 5-V level by a series regulator. The combined boost/buck converter used here operates on the SEPIC principle. That principle is quite similar to the operating principle of the Cuk converter, but without the disadvantage of a negative output voltage.

Circuit diagram :

Stable USB Power Supply Circuit Diagram

The schema is built around a MAX668, which is intended to be used as a controller for boost converters. The difference between a SEPIC converter and a standard boost (step-up) converter is that the former type has an additional capacitor (in this case C2) and a second inductor (in this case, the secondary winding of transformer L1). If C2 is replaced by a wire bridge and the secondary winding of L1 is left open, the result is a normal boost converter. In that case, a current can always flow from the input to the output via L1 and D1, even when the FET is not driven by IC1. Under these conditions, the output voltage can never be less than the input voltage less the voltage drop across the diode.

The operation of a SEPIC converter can be explained in simple terms by saying that C2 prevents any DC voltage on the input from appearing at the output, so the output voltage can easily be made lower than the input voltage. The second coil causes a defined voltage to be present at the anode of D1. It is also possible to replace the transformer by two separate coils that are not magnetically coupled. However, the efficiency of the schema is somewhat higher if coupled coils are used as shown here. The value of resistor R4 is chosen to limit the maximum current to 500mA, which is also the maximum current that a USB bus can provide according to the specifications. Resistors R1 and R2 cause the voltage across C3 and C7 to be regulated at a value of around 6 V. A low-drop regulator (LM2940) is used to generate a stabilized 5V from the 6V output (with ripple voltage). The efficiency should be somewhere between 60% and 80%

Sourced By: Circuitsstream

Thursday, September 4, 2014

Regulator Power Supply 1A Circuit Schematic

Small power supply that provides a regulated voltage, adjustable between 1.5 and 35 volts at 1 ampere. This schema is ready to use, you just need to add a suitable transformer. This schema is thermal overload protected because the current limiter and thermal overload protection are included in the IC.

This is the Regulator Power Supply 1A Part List :

IC = LM317
P1 = 4.7K
R1 = 120R
C1 = 100nF - 63V
C2 = 1uF - 35V
C3 = 10uF - 35V
C4 = 2200uF - 35V
D1-D4 = 1N4007