Circuit Wiring Solution: sensor

Showing posts with label sensor. Show all posts

Friday, November 14, 2014

INFRARED IR SENSOR DETECTOR CIRCUIT

The circuit shows that the output of IC1 555 IC, which is designed for a duty cycle of 0.8mSec, with a frequency of 120Hz and 300 mA peak current, is used to drive the infrared LED, D1.From the connection it is clear that the diodes D1 and D2 are on the same line, just a few centimeters apart, on the breadboard. Thus diode D2 receives the infra-red output from the diode D1.The diode signal, which is given to the inverting terminal of the op-amp IC LM 358 gets amplified and its peak is detected by diode D4 and capacitor C4.The forward voltage produced by diode D4 is compensated by diode D3 with R5 and R6.According to the distance between the infra-red transmitter and receiver, a proportional DC voltage is fed to the inverting input of IC2.According to the output of the comparator the LED is turned ON and OFF and this is detected by the transistor Q1.Thus the relay is driven according to the output of Q1.The comparator output is set according to the value of the pot.

This circuit is mainly used for liquid level detection or proximity detection. It operates detecting the distance from the target by reflection of an infra-red beam. The biggest advantage of this circuit is that there is no physical contact with the liquid whose level is to be measured. The range is set by adjusting the pot. Range can vary, depending on infra-red transmitting and receiving LEDs used and is mostly affected by the color of the reflecting surface. Black surfaces lower greatly the device’s sensitivity.

Infrared Sensor Circuit Diagram

Notes

Use a good quality regulated power supply .The sensor diodes must not be subjected directly to other light sources.

Parts List

Resistance R1 10K(4W)
Resistance R2, R5, R6, R9 1K(4W)
Resistance R3 33R(4W)
Resistance R4, R8 1M(4W)
Trimmer Cermet R7 10K
Resistance R10 22K(4W)
Capacitance C1, C4 1 uF(63V)
Capacitance C2 47pF(63V)
Capacitance C3, C5, C6 100uF(25V)
Diode D1 IR LED
Diode D2 IR Photo-Diode
Diode D3, D4 1N4148(75W/150mA)
Diode D5 LED
Diode D6, D7 1N 4002
PNP Transistor Q1 BC 558(45V/800mA)
Timer IC IC1 NE 555
IC 2 LM358
IC 3 7812
Relay SPDT(2A/220V)
J1 Two ways output socket

Wednesday, September 17, 2014

IC LM35 Temperature Sensor Characteristics

LM 35 temperature sensor IC is a IC chip production Natioanal Semiconductor which serves to determine the temperature of an object or space in the form of electric scale, or can also be defined as an electronic component that is used to change the temperature changes are accepted in the electrical wholesale changes. LM35 temperature sensor IC temperature change can change a change in voltage at the output. LM35 temperature sensor IC requires +5 volts DC source voltage and DC current consumption of 60 mA in operation. Physical form LM 35 temperature sensor is an IC chip with packaging that varies, in general packaging LM35 temperature sensor is packaged TO-92 as shown in the figure below.

IC LM35 Temperature Sensor Characteristics

From the picture above it can be seen that the temperature sensor IC LM35 basically have 3 pin that serves as a source of supply voltage of +5 volts DC, as a result of sensing the output pin in the form of a change in the DC voltage and Vout pin to Ground.

IC LM35 temperature sensor characteristics are:

Temperature sensitivity, with linear scaling factor between voltage and temperature 10 mVolt / º C, so it can be calibrated directly in centigrade.
Have the accuracy or the accuracy of the calibration is 0.5 º C at 25 º C.
Has a maximum operating temperature range between -55 º C to +150 º C. Working at a voltage of 4 to 30 volts.
Has current low at less than 60 mA.
Have a low self-heating (low-heating) of less than 0.1 º C in still air.
Has a low output impedance is 0.1 W for 1 mA load.
have Nonlinearities only about ± ¼ º C.

Monday, August 25, 2014

Simple Water Sensor Wiring diagram Schematic using IC 555

This is a water sensor /rain alarm schema diagram; it can be used on motorcycle, car or other device that we want to protect from water, rain. This is a simple water sensor/rain alarm schema that makes an alarm when water/rain falls on its sensor. This schema is based on NE555/LM555 IC and two transistors (Q1&Q2). For transistor Q1- BC547 or BC107 and for Q2- 2N825,BC548 or BC168 can be used in the schema.

This rain detector schema can be supplied from voltage source of +9V-12V DC. The resistor 470K ohm is a POT/Variable resistor; it is used to adjust the sensitivity of water/rain sensor. Use a 8 ohm,0.5w-1W speaker to hearing better alarm. Less than 8 ohm speaker could be harmful for the IC 555.

Circuit Diagram of Water Sensor

We can make the water sensor as shown in the image (Fig-1) using aluminum conductor like a naked wire . Here can be used other conductor but we suggesting to use aluminum.