Showing posts with label meter. Show all posts
Showing posts with label meter. Show all posts
Monday, November 17, 2014
Track the damage capacitors elco with ESR meter
All technicians must have the same experience that the old models of aircraft generally have several common Elco its dry or down in value, mainly found in many brands of china plane. Eco is dry can cause a variety of disorders that are sometimes difficult to trace or even be able to make certain parts do not work at all, especially if used on a circuit that works at such high frequency SMPS (Switch Mode Power Supply) and the horizontal. Elco dry technicians sometimes make headaches and time consuming when you track the damage.
Many technicians get around this problem by directly replacing all existing Elko, the Elko-regardless of whether Elko is corrupt or not. It is generally quite successful. But sometimes the quality is not good substitutes Elko, so the damaged aircraft back after use for some time. Replace all of Elko is also a problem for yourself if the circuit is improved a lot using Elko. The use of ESR-meter proved to be the most appropriate choice to solve the above problems. We suggest that ESR-meter is a must-have tool for every technician after avo-meter.
Using ESR-meter weve made themselves at a cost of less than 50,000 rupiah we recorded a lot of advantages such as:
- Elko track damaged by the time more quickly because they do not need to remove the Elko (in-circuit tester) one by one.
- Elko only replaced damaged
- Can be used to check the quality of new and used Elko. It is certainly advantageous to utilize part of the former ex-change machine pcb. Sometimes the plane is damaged due to repeated just posted a new Elko was poor quality.
- Elko that if the check using the ohm-meter sometimes the results are deceptive. Because if you checked with ESR ESR-meter turns his already large.
- Can be used to check the flyback is short in the primary coil (between the B + with a pin-pin-collectors), def a short yoke, the power tranfo a short primer.
- To find out if re-chargeable batteries are still good. Re-chargeable battery that is damaged ESR was generally higher when compared to a still good.
- To keep track of printed lines leaking / short
- By comparing the capacitors are still good, ESR-meter can be used to check the value of thousands pf capacitor.
Note:
- ESR meter can not be to find Elko leak or short. Fortunately rare short Elko damage.
- ESR meter to check the fit only Elko with values ranging 0.47uF and above.
Does ESR it actually?Parameters are generally owned by a Elko understood by engineers is the "maximum working voltage" and "capacitance value". In the real case there are several other parameters such as the "maximum working temperature" (85 or 105 degrees C) and "ESR" (Equivalent Series Resistance).Unless the practice is capacitive in Elko also has the characteristics of "resistive" caused by a combination of resistance to the legs, internal connections, plates and electrolyte. Thus form a resistive characteristic ESR, because if it is portrayed as if such be installed in series with the capacitance of Elko.Ideally, an Elko ESR is zero, but in practice this is impossible.Elko High voltage tends to have larger ESR than the low voltage ElkoElko with small values tend to have higher ESR values greater than Elko.Elko 105 degrees (C) tend to have higher ESR than Elko 85 degrees (C).
What Is the ESR-meter?
ESR meter is a kind of ohm-meter that can be used to measure the amount of "resistance" of Elko. Difference if the ohm-meter using a dc current (direct current) to drive the meter, then use the ESR meter ac (alternating current) with a standard frequency 150Khz. As had been explained that ideally Elko its ESR is zero. But this is not possible in practice. Elko good quality 10uF value is close to zero or more generally.
What is the cause of ESR Elko subject to change.
- The first is caused because of the connection quality is poor constituents. It can be found in Elko Elko New and old.
- Both are caused due to dry the liquid electrolyte due to evaporate or leak, which can be found at the old Elko. Are the consequences of large ESR Elko turned into?
- Elko is a working principle can be "in-fill and waste of" electric charge repeatedly. Thus ESR Elko-charging current will be passed this exile repeatedly in accordance with the working frequency of the circuit. And we certainly have understood that if bypassed resistor will generate heat flows in accordance with the magnitude of the current strength through resistance value and the corresponding magnitude. Similarly, the Elko with ESR, the greater the greater the ESR value of the heat arising in Elko, and the higher the frequency the greater the heat generated. This heat can eventually cause the electrolyte evaporates into a gas and seeped out, so the value of Elko will turn down. In the specific cases heat can even make Elko explode.
- On a circuit that works at high frequencies Elko should have zero resistance to the high frequency signal. If the ESR of the resistance turned into Elko is no longer zero, and if the resistance value change is large enough to make the workings of the chaotic circuit.
Our experience with the use of ESR meter in the aircraft repair older model (the old plane), the first one we always do is:
- Check out all the Elko with ESR-meter at the SMPS, Horizontal and Vertical and immediately replace it if the ESR problem.
- Check visually (with a magnifying glass if necessary) solder-solder on the SMPS, the output Horizontal, Vertical output, and the CRT socket pcb and soldering again if there appears a problem or suspicious solder it.
- Both of these were able to eliminate the difficulties that may arise and difficult to trace, so the use of ESR meter can shorten repair time.
- Once the tool is finished
- Collect some old Elko is still good. Find Elko pcb traces of the plane, made in Japan or Europe the original (former aircraft engine change) because of generally good quality for use as a reference.
- Grouped on the basis of a value less dar 2.2uF, 4.7uF is less than, less than and greater than 10uF 10uF.
- Try using the ESR-meter to measure each group, and mark the position of the needle meter on each group
- These markers can be used as a reference to the appointment of Elko ESR is still good.
- If the meter needle to deviate less from the reference mark, the mean ESR Elko is not good.
Saturday, October 4, 2014
3 6 Volt Cell Phone Battery Meter
This is a agnate ambit to the aloft and provides a 4 LED bar blueprint advertence the voltage of a accepted 3.6 volt Lithium – Ion recharable corpuscle buzz battery. The advertence voltage is provided by a TL431 programmable voltage antecedent which is set to 3.9 volts area the TL431 connects to the 1K resistor. The lower advertence for the LED at pin 14 is set with the 5K adjustable resistor.
The programmed voltage of the TL431 is formed out with a voltage affiliate (10K 5.6K). The acclimation terminal or alliance of the two resistors is consistently 2.5 volts. So, if we use a 10K resistor from the acclimation terminal to ground, the resistor accepted will be 2.5/10000 = 250uA. This aforementioned accepted flows through the high resistor (5.6K) and produces a voltage bead of .00025 * 5600 = 1.4 volts. So the blow adapted achievement voltage at the cathode of the TL431 will be 2.5 + 1.4, or 3.9 volts.
Working out the LED voltages, there are three 390 ohm resistors in alternation with addition adjustable (5K) resistor at the bottom. Assuming the basal resistor is set to 2K ohms, the absolute attrition is 390+390+390+2000 = 3170 ohms. So, the resistor accepted is the advertence voltage (3.9) disconnected by the absolute resistance, or about 3.9/ (390 + 390 + 390 + 2000) equals 1.23 mA. This gives us about .00123*2000= 2.46 volts for the basal LED, and about .00123*390 = .48 volts for anniversary footfall aloft the bottom. So, the LEDs should ablaze at accomplish of 2.46, 2.94, 3.42, and 3.9. A absolutely answerable corpuscle buzz array is about 4.2 volts. You can acclimatize the 5.6K resistor to set the top voltage college or lower, and acclimatize the lower 5K resistor to set the basal LED for the everyman voltage. But you do charge a 6 to 12 volt or greater array to ability the circuit.
Friday, September 5, 2014
Simple diagram of Vu meter
This is a simple vu meter people normally use Vu meters to get a good appearance for their amplifiers and for their audio setups.Here I have used common Ic LM3915 and LM3916.You can fix 19 LEDs for this schema diagram.
Note
# you can operate this schema with 12V power supply
# Fix this schema ona PCB to get good result.
Thursday, September 4, 2014
Check Inductors With This Simple Q Meter
While LCR meters are readily available at reasonable cost, they do not measure the Q of an inductor. This schema enables you to measure the Q of inductors with the aid of an RF signal generator. A capacitor is connected in parallel with the inductor to form a tuned schema. By varying the frequency, you can measure the resonance frequency of the tuned schema and its -3dB bandwidth. The Q is then the resonance frequency divided by the -3dB bandwidth. Transistor Q1 is an emitter follower acting as input buffer to drive RF transformer T1. The secondary winding of T1 then drives the parallel tuned schema formed by the inductor under test (Lx), T1’s secondary and tuning capacitor VC.
The tuned schema so formed is buffered by JFET Q2 and transistor Q3 which form a cascode stage with about 3dB of gain. The JFET provides a high impedance so that the loading of the tuned schema is minimal (note: an MPF102 can be substituted if you cannot obtain a 2N5485). The RF output from Q2s collector can be monitored by an oscilloscope to easily find the point of resonance and read the frequency. Alternatively, the RF output can be read by an external frequency meter. Diodes D1 & D2 and the 5.6nF capacitors form a voltage doubler rectifier to drive a 100µA DC meter so that the resonance can be found (in the absence of an oscilloscope).
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Trimpot VR1 provides a sensitivity adjustment for the meter. Transformer T1 is wound on a 12mm diameter ferrite toroid core. The primary winding consists of 50 turns of 0.2mm diameter enamelled copper wire, while the secondary is a single turn consisting of a strip of brass 0.5mm thick and 2.5mm wide bent into a horseshoe shape and threaded through the centre of the toroid. VC is a small AM tuning capacitor with both gangs connected in parallel.
To measure Q, the output of the RF signal generator should be around 0.5V peak. Adjust the frequency until the meters reading peaks, then adjust VR1 so that the meter reads full scale (100µA). Read the resonance frequency F0 from the frequency scale of the signal generator or better still, the reading on a frequency meter.
Next, increase the signal frequency until the meter reads 70µA and note this frequency as F2. That done, reduce the frequency on the signal generator below the resonance frequency until the meter again reads 70µA and note this frequency as F1. The Q can now be calculated as:
Q = F0/(F2 - F1)
While using a variable tuning capacitor will enable a wider range of inductors to be tested, the main advantage is estimating the distributed capacitance of the inductor as well. To do this, you have to calibrate the tuning scale with a capacitance meter, by measuring the capacitance across the tuning capacitor with no inductor connected. This is done with the unit switched off. Marking off increments of 20pF should be sufficient.
Set the tuning capacitor to say ¼ of its maximum value and note this value as C1. Adjust the RF signal generator frequency so that the inductor under test is at resonance and note this frequency as F0. Now set the RF generator frequency to half F0, adjust the tuning capacitor until resonance and note this capacitance as C2. The distributed capacitance of the inductor is (C2 - 4C1)/3.
The tuned schema so formed is buffered by JFET Q2 and transistor Q3 which form a cascode stage with about 3dB of gain. The JFET provides a high impedance so that the loading of the tuned schema is minimal (note: an MPF102 can be substituted if you cannot obtain a 2N5485). The RF output from Q2s collector can be monitored by an oscilloscope to easily find the point of resonance and read the frequency. Alternatively, the RF output can be read by an external frequency meter. Diodes D1 & D2 and the 5.6nF capacitors form a voltage doubler rectifier to drive a 100µA DC meter so that the resonance can be found (in the absence of an oscilloscope).
Trimpot VR1 provides a sensitivity adjustment for the meter. Transformer T1 is wound on a 12mm diameter ferrite toroid core. The primary winding consists of 50 turns of 0.2mm diameter enamelled copper wire, while the secondary is a single turn consisting of a strip of brass 0.5mm thick and 2.5mm wide bent into a horseshoe shape and threaded through the centre of the toroid. VC is a small AM tuning capacitor with both gangs connected in parallel.
To measure Q, the output of the RF signal generator should be around 0.5V peak. Adjust the frequency until the meters reading peaks, then adjust VR1 so that the meter reads full scale (100µA). Read the resonance frequency F0 from the frequency scale of the signal generator or better still, the reading on a frequency meter.
Next, increase the signal frequency until the meter reads 70µA and note this frequency as F2. That done, reduce the frequency on the signal generator below the resonance frequency until the meter again reads 70µA and note this frequency as F1. The Q can now be calculated as:
Q = F0/(F2 - F1)
While using a variable tuning capacitor will enable a wider range of inductors to be tested, the main advantage is estimating the distributed capacitance of the inductor as well. To do this, you have to calibrate the tuning scale with a capacitance meter, by measuring the capacitance across the tuning capacitor with no inductor connected. This is done with the unit switched off. Marking off increments of 20pF should be sufficient.
Set the tuning capacitor to say ¼ of its maximum value and note this value as C1. Adjust the RF signal generator frequency so that the inductor under test is at resonance and note this frequency as F0. Now set the RF generator frequency to half F0, adjust the tuning capacitor until resonance and note this capacitance as C2. The distributed capacitance of the inductor is (C2 - 4C1)/3.
Saturday, August 30, 2014
Simple Sound VU Meter Wiring diagram Schematic
This schema is a sound level meter, very simple, but very effective for your sound system or test bench. This type of schema is also called a VU meter. Abbreviation means "unit volume" is used to express that the average value of a music signal over a short period of time.
Sound VU Meter Circuit Diagram
The VU meter described here is what is called a type "passive". This means that does not require a separate power source, since the power is supplied by an input signal. This makes it easier to use:. Just connect it to the speaker terminals (polarity does not matter) and is ready to use.
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